The History of Pcb and Why Pcb Testing is Vital

A printed circuit board is called a Pcb. This is an electronic component that will direct the movement of electricity through laminated sheets that are made of copper. When there are supplementary components added to the Pcb, then it is called a Pca which is a printed circuit assembly. There is also the Pcba which is the printed circuit board assembly. As the Pcb is used in all electronic devices today, it is valuable that it is properly created and that the right Pcb testing is completed as well to insure quality control.

Pcbs can be inexpensively manufactured through mass yield once the produce has been properly created. It is foremost that Pcb testing is done throughout this process so that any problems with the theory are worked out before any mass yield takes place. Paul Eisler surely invented the Pcb as far back as 1936. It is made from layers of copper and has an epoxy over it that is usually green, although can be other colors as well. There has been farranging testing of the Pcbs by the Us soldiery for applications, althoughs PCB Assembly  are also used in small electronic devices today. Pcb testing is valuable for even small devices so that it can be assured that they will work properly. There are many components to Pcb testing that are usually performed by Pcb services.

Pcb Assembly

Most clubs do not carry out Us soldiery Pcb testing. However, it is foremost that any firm that uses these devices uses only high quality components that will work. If Pcb testing is not completed by dependable services, then the ensue will be a poor stock in the end that will not satisfy the customer. This is why even small clubs should rely on high quality Pcb services to make sure that their products are ready to be shipped out to consumers. This will avoid returns on products that do not work and also save the firm money. It can also build the prestige of a firm that wants to be known for making quality products.

The History of Pcb and Why Pcb Testing is Vital

When a firm wants to make sure that their stock will be of high quality, they should consist of a good Pcb service. This can mean whatever from producing the Pcbs to making sure that quality operate is maintained through Pcb testing. There are many Pcb services out there and it is foremost for any firm to pick one that will be reliable, will be able to contribute them with the assistance that they need at a cheap cost as well as make sure that the stock that they are producing contains well working quality Pcbs. It does not pay to skimp when it comes to Pcb services as well as Pcb testing that can end up saving your firm money. A good Pcb assistance is the best form of quality operate any firm can ask for.

Those clubs that are looking to outsource their Pcb yield should make sure that the Pcb assistance will be one that will contribute them with top quality products that pass Pcb testing. Take a look at the history of the firm that is providing Pcb services to make sure that they are one that will stand behind their products. As Pcbs are so vital to an electronics company, it does not pay to cut corners when you are looking for a Pcb service. You want Pcb services that will offer Pcb testing as well as originate products that will work well with your electronic devices, thus satisfying your customers and making your firm successful.

Cadence Library Characterizer Reference Kit for TSMC Cell Libraries

Cadence Design Systems and TSMC teamed together on a library characterization reference kit. The Cadence Library Characterizer (Altos Liberate) reference kit for TSMC’s standard cell libraries is now available to TSMC customers for download on TSMC-Online. As a result, TSMC customers can now leverage the same technology used in-house at TSMC with the same setup and constraints, helping them address the specific design challenges created through changes to their standard cell libraries.

Shrinking process geometries increase process variations and make creation of accurate noise, power and timing models for foundation IP very complex given smaller time-to-market windows. The combination of TSMC’s Library PCB Assembly Characterization Reference Kit and the Cadence Library Characterizer enables engineers to speed the overall design schedule.

The reference kit, along with the Cadence Library Characterizer technology, help designers to re-characterize the standard cell libraries in-house, on their own schedule with the same characterization technology and setup used internally at TSMC, delivering better consistency.

The Cadence Library Characterizer technology enables re-characterization across process changes and additions to the IP library. It produces ultra-fast and accurate characterization of memory, standard cell libraries and other foundation IP, and generates required models for SoC implementation. TSMC has made Cadence Library Characterizer scripts for standard cell libraries available for 40- and 28-nanometer process nodes.

What it is and why it is needed

ASSET InterTech published a white paper about a new method for validating, testing and debugging circuit boards by embedding a board-tester-in-a-chip. The title of the technical article is: FPGA-Controlled Test (FCT): What it is and why it is needed. The paper describes a method call FPGA-controlled test (FCT). FCT involves the automatic insertion of multiple embedded instruments into a field programmable gate array to function as a board tester. The embedded board tester is then operated from an intuitive drag-and-drop graphical user interface.

FPGA-Controlled Test (FCT): What it is and why it is needed

The FPGA-Controlled Test white paper describes how an FCT board-tester-in-a-chip works, including a diagram and explanation of the IJTAG architecture in the FPGA. The ASSET InterTech paper also gives details of the board test coverage that can be obtained using FCT.

With FPGA-controlled test, the board-tester-in-a-chip does not require a dedicated FPGA. The inserted tester can be easily removed once it has PCB Assembly completed its tasks and re-inserted later if it is needed again. Or, some or all of the tester may remain embedded in the system throughout its life cycle.

FPGA devices are an effective platform for embedded test and measurement functionality at a time when legacy external probe-based equipment like oscilloscope and in-circuit test (ICT) systems are providing less and less test coverage. Faster speeds and greater complexities have increased the electrical sensitivities of chips and boards to the point where a physical probe will not provide adequate test coverage or reliable results.

Mentor Graphics Emulation Solutions for Verification of USB SuperSpeed 3.0

Mentor Graphics introduced emulation solutions to accelerate the verification of Universal Serial Bus (USB) SuperSpeed (3.0) products. The hardware and software solutions enable engineers to test USB SuperSpeed peripheral devices integrated on System-on-Chip (SoC) designs, and to develop and test their software drivers and firmware prior to silicon being available. The solution is available now for deployment.

The USB SuperSpeed verification solutions offer more flexibility, ease-of-use, and configurable test models for pre-silicon testing. The hardware and software solutions currently consists of iSolve USB SuperSpeed (3.0) Host Controller and Veloce USB 3.0 Host Transactor.

iSolve USB SuperSpeed Host Controller

This Mentor solution features a plug-and-play hardware interface to the Veloce family of hardware emulators. It is a cost-effective and efficient solution for verifying USB SuperSpeed peripherals that are part of an SoC design. The USB SuperSpeed Host Controller accelerates the verification of applications such as multimedia, networking, embedded systems, wireless, and storage devices.

Veloce USB 3.0 Host Transactor

This USB SuperSpeed solution is an accelerated simulation environment for the verification of USB SuperSpeed (3.0)-compliant devices. It generates PCB Assembly the appropriate stimuli for the DUT, passing packets (or transactions) of protocol data for tests. The Mentor transactor also provides high-level Application Programming Interface (API) and example tests to model a test environment that can exercise the emulated USB SuperSpeed (3.0) device.

USB SuperSpeed Verification Solutions Highlights

    High-performance, and easy-to-use system verification environments to develop new SoCs containing a USB SuperSpeed peripheral device

    Industry-standard xHCI controller provides connection to Windows or Linux-based software environment for driver development

    Standard USB SuperSpeed (3.0) PIPE interface to the emulated design in Veloce

    Transactor solution that provide built-in SystemVerilog/OVM compliancy sequences used to check emulated USB SuperSpeed device compliancy to the protocol standard

    Compliant to USB SuperSpeed (3.0) standard

    Can be used with traditional in-circuit emulation (ICE) and as a high-performance, transaction-based acceleration modes of operation

    Facilitates the smooth transition from a simulation-centric use model to in-circuit emulation

Coal Crushing and Grinding Process

  In order to use coal morerationally, efficiently and effectively, it need to be processed and crushed into different sizes, 0 ~ 25 mm particle size for coal gas stove, 25 ~ 8 mm forsteam locomotive, 25 ~ 6 mm for the industrial furnace, and coal power plantrequires grain coal of 0 ~ 25mm.

Naturally, coal is importantenergy resource; it has played an important role in modern industry. In coal crushing process, we use coal crushing machine such as coal crusher machine and coal grinding mill to crush coal. Coal crushing plant consists of many types of crushers and grinding mills. Coal crushers include jaw crusher, impact crusher, cone crusher, and hammer crusher, etc. Coal mill include ball mill, vertical mill, hammer mill etc.

DSMAC is a coal mining machinemanufacturer in China, located in Zhengzhou, Henan. It supplies all kinds of crushing machines and design stone crushing production line according to the customers’ requirements, such as aggregate rock crushing plant, iron ore crushing plant,coal crushing and grinding plant for sale with best price.

Coal Grinding Machine

Coal mill is an efficient tool for grinding coals into fine powder in coal mining industry, and it is used to crush and grind coal into powder. It is also called coal pulverizer or coalpowder mill. In some cases, coal mill is not just one hammer mill, it also includes some optional equipment such as vibrating feeder, vibrating screen,belt conveyors and so on to finish the coal milling process. Coal mill include ball mill, hammer mill, vertical mill, pre-grinding Mill.

Coal Crusher Machine

Generally, we choose the proper coal crusher according to the size of coal. The hardness of coal is usually1-4. After coarse crushing by jaw crusher, fine crushing by impact crusher, andsieved by vibrating screen, coal can be processed and crushed into different sizes as the requirements. DSMAC jaw crusher, impact crusher have been widely used in the coal mining industry. They can crush coal at large capacity and high efficiency. Besides, DSMAC vertical shaft impact crusher can crush coal into much smaller sizes to meet specific requirements.

The Broadband Revolution

It’s not necessary to delve too deeply into your memory to consider the days when the actual sound of dial-up internet might be heard in offices, studies and bedrooms through the land. The internet has actually existed since the 1980s even though it wasn’t commercially used before 1990s. But it’s only really been because the naughtiest that it’s get to be the mighty force it is actually today.

What was the actual ignition that fuelled this particular explosion? The answer is actually: broadband.

It was in 2000 that broadband was distributed around the masses. With the actual invention of ADSL wires, people no longer needed to choose between chatting about the phone and surfing the web.

These ADSL cables additionally accelerated broadband speeds in order to ten times as quick as their dial-up predecessors. The majority of ADSL cables offered rates of speed between 128Kb and 1MG; however by today’s standards these types of speeds were slow. Nevertheless, back then everyone thought it was amazing; a page wouldn’t take half one minute to download, it would appear before your eyes within seconds.

The music as well as film industries felt knock-on results of broadband, for better or with regard to worse as people might simply download their favorite PCB Assembly artist’s albums or films rather than buying the hard duplicate. The world became much better connected and landline cell phones were less popular because of VoIP calling facilities as well as Skype.

The second 1 / 2 of the 2000s were once the broadband revolution began developing in a more rapid rate. ADSL cables are now being replaced with fiber optic options that greatly increase possibility of super-fast broadband speeds. Right now most homes in the united kingdom have between 2MB as well as 24MB speeds but within the next few years even these types of lightning quick speeds are likely to seem slow.

Many leading providers are, as we talk, installing new and extending their existing fiber optic cable television networks and developing much better technology to allow speeds as high as 100MB. These super charged speeds will secure the near future of technologies such because internet TV.

It’s not just the connections that possess improved however. The quantity of households with internet entry has greatly increased in only four years. 73% or even 19.2 million British households had access to the internet in 2010, which is really a 0. 9 million increase on 2009 along with a five million increase because 2006.

More people are enjoying access to the internet thanks to a drop in costs. As the actual broadband market becomes progressively competitive, more companies fight for any slice of the motion, causing prices to fall even while quality increases. So not just can you get quicker, more reliable broadband, you are able to bundle your internet upward with TV and telephone deals too.

The History of Pcb and Why Pcb Testing is Vital

A printed circuit board is called a Pcb. This is an electronic component that will direct the movement of electricity through laminated sheets that are made of copper. When there are supplementary components added to the Pcb, then it is called a Pca which is a printed circuit assembly. There is also the Pcba which is the printed circuit board assembly. As the Pcb is used in all electronic devices today, it is valuable that it is properly created and that the right Pcb testing is completed as well to insure quality control.

Pcbs can be inexpensively manufactured through mass yield once the produce has been properly created. It is foremost that Pcb testing is done throughout this process so that any problems with the theory are worked out before any mass yield takes place. Paul Eisler surely invented the Pcb as far back as 1936. It is made from layers of copper and has an epoxy over it that is usually green, although can be other colors as well. There has been farranging testing of the Pcbs by the Us soldiery for applications, although PCB Assembly s are also used in small electronic devices today. Pcb testing is valuable for even small devices so that it can be assured that they will work properly. There are many components to Pcb testing that are usually performed by Pcb services.

Pcb Assembly

Most clubs do not carry out Us soldiery Pcb testing. However, it is foremost that any firm that uses these devices uses only high quality components that will work. If Pcb testing is not completed by dependable services, then the ensue will be a poor stock in the end that will not satisfy the customer. This is why even small clubs should rely on high quality Pcb services to make sure that their products are ready to be shipped out to consumers. This will avoid returns on products that do not work and also save the firm money. It can also build the prestige of a firm that wants to be known for making quality products.

The History of Pcb and Why Pcb Testing is Vital

When a firm wants to make sure that their stock will be of high quality, they should consist of a good Pcb service. This can mean whatever from producing the Pcbs to making sure that quality operate is maintained through Pcb testing. There are many Pcb services out there and it is foremost for any firm to pick one that will be reliable, will be able to contribute them with the assistance that they need at a cheap cost as well as make sure that the stock that they are producing contains well working quality Pcbs. It does not pay to skimp when it comes to Pcb services as well as Pcb testing that can end up saving your firm money. A good Pcb assistance is the best form of quality operate any firm can ask for.

Those clubs that are looking to outsource their Pcb yield should make sure that the Pcb assistance will be one that will contribute them with top quality products that pass Pcb testing. Take a look at the history of the firm that is providing Pcb services to make sure that they are one that will stand behind their products. As Pcbs are so vital to an electronics company, it does not pay to cut corners when you are looking for a Pcb service. You want Pcb services that will offer Pcb testing as well as originate products that will work well with your electronic devices, thus satisfying your customers and making your firm successful.

Still Lubricating your Rack and Pinion System?

Lubricating a rack and pinion gear drive is often done manually. In industries, such as in food processing or packaging, where frequent washdowns are required, or where the gears are difficult to access, lubrication may be done only infrequently. Automated lubrication systems represent additional cost and require regular monitoring as they can clog up.

Intech Power-CoreTM gears do not require lubrication, reduce noise, and transmit motion with higher efficiency. The gears are precision pressed bearing machined from Intech’s Power-Core material with integral metal core for a secure shaft attachment. For wash down applications the core is available in stainless steel.

An important factor in designing today’s high speed machines is low inertia especially in systems where reversing motion is required. Intech Power-Core gears are up to 7x lighter compared to steel, absorb shock and vibration when movement in one direction is reversed,  allowing higher machine speeds without sacrificing performance or wear life.

Intech engineers review each application and using a proprietary gear calculation, will advise the customer about the expected life of the gear. In many instances engineers are able to suggest design modification significantly improving the gear’s wear life. Intech rack and pinion gears can be found in bakery conveyors, position devices on packaging machines, cutting mechanisms on plastic bottle blow machines or on long gantry motion systems, to name a few.

Electrically insulated gear box for electrolytic metal deposition

To increase the capacity of their metal deposition furnaces with typically one cathode and one anode, we were approached by a metal refining company to design an electrically insulated gearbox that would rotate a multitude of electrodes suspended in a electrolyte solution. The design called for three stationary and one rotating cathodes and three rotating anodes.  In the electrolytic process, exotic metal is transferred from the cathodes to the anodes and the rotating movement ensured an even deposition of the metallic particles.

The task was twofold, to rotate and electrically insulate in the gear box cathodes and anodes suspended in the electrolyte solution. Picture 1 shows the final solution. Intech engineers designed a planetary gear arrangement using Intech Power-Core™ gears with 316 stainless steel core, mating with a stainless steel sun gear. The pressed bearing drive gear was connected to one of the planetary gears. The electrodes are inserted through the extended, hollow gear hubs and clamped in place.

electrically insulated gear box lower plate

Intech Power-Core™ lower and upper plate (not shown) were used to anchor shafts with bearings and to electrically insulate them.

The electrical current is applied to the protruding electrical ends. To provide precise gear mashing and good gear life, precision SS bearings were pressed onto the hubs. While Power-Core gears have insulating properties, the electrical current could still escape through the hub/bearing/housing connection. To insulate the current, two Power-Core cover plates were precision machined to construct a housing for the gear box.  The Power-Core gear box was then mounted on the metal cover of the furnace, see Picture 2.

electrically insulated gear box

 Power-CoreTM electrically insulated gear box is mounted on the metal cover of the furnace.

In an earlier design, Picture 3 below, with a central drive and anodes and cathodes rotating, ceramic bearings were used to insulate the gear carrying plate.  Using Power-Core plates and sealed SS bearings to anchor the gears in the gear box housing proved less costly and more reliable in the harsh conditions present in the electrolytic metal deposition environment.

pandora bracelets Murano cup or enamel charms

Once you’ve chosen beads that look right in white for your pandora  beads bracelet wholesale  look, you can string them together upon a white braided leather bracelet for an all-round white look. Other items of Pandora jewellery are available, including rings, earrings and neckwear, which feature white detailing or clear cubic zirconia. In the case of luxury Lovepods 18ct white gold pieces, you can even enjoy the elegance of sparkling diamonds.

A wide variety of coloured beads are available, but if you’re pandora beads on sale feeling particularly regal or in the mood for the darker end of the spectrum, the colour purple is a good choice. A number of Pandora bracelet beads are available featuring purple detail as a central characteristic; in fact, the only problem you might encounter when choosing might be whittling the options down.

Away from the ever-increasing phenomenon of Pandora bracelets, items of neck wear, rings and earrings are available. A selection of luxurious Lovepod 18ct gold dropper earrings and 18ct gold diamond rings, showcasing purple amethyst as a primary feature, are perfect as collectors’ items and/or extravagant treats.

As far as pricing goes, usually the pure gold charms can be the most pandora necklaces high-priced specifically if they are arranged with a diamond or another valuable stone. The sterling silver charms with gold are cheaper, but usually quite a tad more high-priced than both the Sterling Silver, pandora bracelets Murano cup or enamel charms. what ever your individual preference, you can be optimistic that there will be one thing suited for the taste throughout the upcoming September 2010 release.

Do you want to buy high quality pandora style beads?

Pandora style beads features for unique taste and magic legend shape. Buy pandora style beads for necklace has been a popular thing for fashion girls all over the world. The original Pandora jewelries are made from Denmark, and they specialise in thematic bead bracelets which combine glass bead designs with quaint Celtic charms. What's special about these Pandora style beads is that they also tell a story, so jewelry lovers wholesale beads to make Pandora jewelry themselves. The bracelets can be very modern-with bag and shoe charms for girls who like to shop, or they could also be very traditional, with charms that have symbolic charms for Hannukah.

TAll you need is Love can be best decribe the pandora style bead. You'll definitely feel like you're brought back to the era of the 60s with peace signs, swirls, hearts and flowers integrated into the wrist band's design. There are many styles of pandora beads, such as made of zinc alloy, tibetan silver, or European beads bracelet wholesale. There are also style beads that were inspired by goodwill causes, like the Breast Cancer Awareness campaign. You can own as many style beads as you like, as long as you're true to yourself when you chose them. Each of wholesale beads must reflect who you are as a person.

The letter pandora beads come in a variety of styles, and various in colors and materials. Are you worried that you're paying too much for original Pandora style? There are a lot of online stores when you search pandora style beads on the internet. But which one is your best choice? Definitly the one who has the wide ranges of pandora style beads, cheapest with top quality. The best choice for you is to buy them from China wholesale beads online store which can provide you a large selection. Making your own jewelry from know! You will worry about that whether this pandora style beads are the same as you like, the answer is yes, much like and much cheaper.

Slewing Ring Bearing removal

Bearing removal and installation to be carefully carried out the same. Care not to damage bearings and various parts, especially the demolition of the interference fit bearing operation difficult. Therefore, prior to consideration at the design stage to facilitate the dismantling, removal tools needed design is also very important. In the demolition, in accordance with the drawings of demolition methods, in order to investigate the bearing with the conditions to obtain the demolition operation foolproof.

1. The demolition of the outer ring

Demolition of the outer interference fit, the circumference of the shell in advance to set a few outer extrusion screw with a screwdriver, tighten the screw side equally, while demolition. These usually covered with blind screw hole plugs, tapered roller bearings, bearing the separation, the shoulders of the housing block to set a few incisions, the use of pads, with the press demolition, or gently tap the demolition.

2. The demolition of cylindrical bore bearings

Inner ring of the demolition, mechanical pressure can simply pull out the latest. At this point, pay attention to the inner strength to withstand the pull. Demolition of a large inner ring bearings with hydraulic method. Axis of the hole by setting them in the oil, so easy to pull. Width of the large drawing bearing the oil law and fixtures and use, the demolition operation. NU type, NJ type cylindrical roller bearings with inner ring disassembly can take advantage of induction heating method. Local heating in a short time, so that the inner expansion of the method after the drawing.

3. Cone bearing removal

Dismount small bearings with adapter sleeve, with the fastening support of block in the inner shaft, the nut back several times, use the pad with a hammer and beat demolition. Large bearings, the use of hydraulic demolition easier, in the hole in the cone axis to send the oil pressure, so that the inner expansion, demolition special bearing method. Operation, there is the possibility of bearing a sudden prolapse, it is best to use the nut as well as a file block.

Slewing Bearing removal and installation to be carefully carried out the same. Care not to damage bearings and various parts, especially the demolition of the interference fit bearing operation difficult. Therefore, prior to consideration at the design stage to facilitate the dismantling, removal tools needed design is also very important. In the demolition, in accordance with the drawings of demolition methods, in order to investigate the bearing with the conditions to obtain the demolition operation foolproof.

1. The demolition of the outer ring

Demolition of the outer interference fit, the circumference of the shell in advance to set a few outer extrusion screw with a screwdriver, tighten the screw side equally, while demolition. These usually covered with blind screw hole plugs, Spherical Roller Bearing, bearing the separation, the shoulders of the housing block to set a few incisions, the use of pads, with the press demolition, or gently tap the demolition.

2. The demolition of cylindrical bore bearings

Inner ring of the demolition, mechanical pressure can simply pull out the latest. At this point, pay attention to the inner strength to withstand the pull. Demolition of a large inner ring bearings with hydraulic method. Axis of the hole by setting them in the oil, so easy to pull. Width of the large drawing bearing the oil law and fixtures and use, the demolition operation. NU type, NJ type cylindrical roller bearings with inner ring disassembly can take advantage of induction heating method. Local heating in a short time, so that the inner expansion of the method after the drawing.

3. Cone bearing removal

Dismount small bearings with adapter sleeve, with the fastening support of block in the inner shaft, the nut back several times, use the pad with a hammer and beat demolition. Slewing Ring Bearing, the use of hydraulic demolition easier, in the hole in the cone axis to send the oil pressure, so that the inner expansion, demolition special bearing method. Operation, there is the possibility of bearing a sudden prolapse, it is best to use the nut as well as a file block.

Custom BikesProductsRider Interviews Updates and News

HSC is making some of the nicest ceramic bottom brackets that we have yet seen.  Now that there are so many different standards for bottom brackets we thought this a good time to try and differentiate the standards and help people figure out what is the right bottom bracket for them.  Currently there are 6 offerings from HSC with more likely to show up soon.  First lets start with the similarities, namely the bearings.  The HSC bottom brackets (all except 1) include ceramic hybrid bearings as stock, but all are available with full ceramic bearings.  The stock bearing  races are made of high chrome bearing steel, the balls of silicone nitride (Si3N4) with light contact seals and specially formulated ceramic bearing grease, for bearing that rolls buttery smooth.

Starting with the traditional External, (threaded) Bottom bracket.  This is available in 2 flavors.  BSA English threaded.  1.37×24 for 68mm shells.  This fit is the standard bottom bracket dimensions.  Alloy cups, ceramic and pressed bearing  a delrin sealing sleeve.  It also comes in an Italian thread 36×24 for 70mm shells.  Both versions come in a range of colors.   The cups and bearings are outboard of the frame just the same as current Campagnolo/Shimano.  The bottom bracket works with 2 piece cranks from Shimano and Campagnolo.  Add the included Sram shim and it works with Sram, Truvativ and Bontrager as well.  Almost any crank with a 24mm spindle (except FSA.)  will work with this bb.  This bottom bracket comes in Black, Blue, Gold, Green, Red, and Silver.  Weight 87grams.

BB30.  This open platform bottom bracket has been around for quite a few years but has only had interest from manufacturers in the last few years.  Some of the frames that use BB30 are Cannondale and Parlee Z5.  The BB30 is for both road and mtb having shell widths of Road 68mm or Mtn 68/73mm.  On a bb30 system the bearings are pressed directly into the shell on the frame and held in place by a circlip on each side.  A wave washer is used to help with any tolerance issues in the fit.   The bearing that is used in BB30 is 6806 with a 30mm inner diameter and a 42mm outer diameter.   It’s important to remember that just because a crank has a 30mm spindle, ie Thm, Ax, Lightning, etc… that it is not necessarily a bb30 crank.  Many of these 30mm spindled cranks are built for 6806 bearings that are outboard of a 68mm shell with an actual width of around 86mm.  So these cranks cannot go straight into a bb30 without some sort of adapter. Weight 54grams.

Press Fit BB42, (BB30 Adapter) Since we already looked at BB30 it makes sense to look at their adapters next.  The bb42 is a bb30 adapter.  Think of it as a traditional outboard bearing bottom bracket that presses in instead of threading in.  The OD of the cup is 42mm so that it presses right into a BB30.  The ID of the bearing in the cup is 24mm so it works with standard Shimano Hollowtech cranks.  The bearings sit outboard making the effective width 90mm which is what Shimano and Campag UT cranks require.  This does not require you to first have a BB30 bearing kit installed on your bb30 frame, the bearings are part of the adapter.  The weight is 89 grams.  So if you have a BB30 frame without bearings already installed and want to run a Shimano crank this is the adapter for you.

BB30 Adapters without bearings. These are once again another bb30 adapter, but this time without bearings.  These are made of delrin and have a weight of 45grams.   These also adapt a bb30 to work with Shimano road Hollowtech cranks.  These require a bb30 bearing kit to already be installed in the frame.  These then fit into the existing 6806 bearings that are in the frame.  By doing that they reduce the ID of the bearing to 24mm and increase the shell width again to 90 mm.

PF30, Press Fit 30. PF30 is a refinement of bb30.  Bb30 has a couple of potential short comings.  You can damage your frame if you press a bearing crooked and they may sometimes suffer from creaking noises from the bearing/frame interface.  Press fit 30 uses a regular bb30 crankset.  Where PF30 varies is in it’s installation.  Whereas bb30 has the bearing press directly into the frame, pf30 has a cup between the bearing and the frame.  This means that the bottom bracket shell on the frame has to be even larger than a bb30 shell.  While PF30 does use the same 6806 bearing when you account for the cup the OD of the bottom bracket and the ID of the frame need to be 46mm as opposed to the 42mm of bb30.  Like bb30, pf30 uses a 30mm spindled crank and 68mm shell width.  The delrin cups however do prevent damage to the frame from an improper installation and do better as resisting creaking noises.

BB86 Similar in design to pf30 but with a smaller ID.  BB86 is basically a modified Shimano fit.  It’s designed to work with Shimano Hollowtech cranks.  BB86 keeps the bearings where they would be on a threaded outboard bearing bottom bracket and extend the frame shell out so that the bearings are not press fit rather than threaded.  The bearings ride in a delrin cup which presses into the frame like a pf30 bb but has a cup OD and frame ID of 41mm.

There of course are other standards which are worth mentioning(BBright, 386EVO, BB90) but I won’t go into detail about those right now, we’ll save it for later.

Rollerskis Don’t Like Rain

I know that some rollerski users live in rainy places. The west side of the Cascades in the Pacific Northwest is mild and rainy all winter. New England and the upper mid-west are rainy in the summer. And that may mean getting out on rollerskis in the rain, or soon after, or getting caught in the middle.  But rain and wet roads present problems to rollerskis and rollerskiers.

First, the wet roads are more slippery than dry roads. Oil from cars and trucks accumulates on the road surface in dry weather and is activated when the road is wet. This makes rolling more difficult as the wheels can slip on the now slippery pavement. It is also, obviously, more dangerous since stopping is somewhat tricky anyway.

Now lets think about the rollerski Pressed Bearing wheels. Most wheels are variations on the theme of an axle that has pressed-in bearings holding the axle into the wheel. Unlike a bicycle hub, there are no seals that protect the inner parts of the wheel from moisture, and dirt transported by moisture. Also, when we think about the position of a rollerski wheel, it is only 1.25 inches off the road surface. A bicycle hub is 13.75 inches off the road surface. A classic style rollerski wheel revolves around 7454 times in one mile. A 700c bike wheel will revolve only 745 times in one mile. So those little rollerski wheels, close to the road, are spinning fast and often and if they are wet, there is ample opportunity to transport dirt into the inner parts of the wheel. The pictures show a wheel that was brought to the shop that had stopped turning, seized up. It had been used for 5 months in the Seattle area.

   When I started to take apart the wheel to see what was wrong, the wheel looked dirty with dirt pressed into every nook and cranny. There was obvious wear on the outer seal of the bearing. With difficulty I was able to remove the bearings, and the seal fell outof one  before the bearing came out. When I got the bearings out, the inside of the wheel was filled with moisture and dirt. The inner needle bearing, that allows the classic wheel to offer kick, was damaged by the dirt and small pieces of this came out with all the other stuff.  The wheel was a mess.

If you are going to roll on wet roads, there are some basic maintenance practices that you must do. You will first have to become familiar with the skills and tools used to take apart the wheels. There is a video on our website that shows how to remove and install the axles and bearings. Once the wheel is apart the needle bearings should be cleaned. This can be done with a dilute spray of a mild cleaner such as Simple Green, or a mild citrus solvent. These are products found at most bike shops.  Another tool to use here is a soft, small toothbrush. Try to brush the needles in the bearing. Put your finger in and try to turn it in the needle bearing. This will bring dirt out from behind the inside of the bearing. Spray, brush, turn and repeat. When there is no more dirt coming out and the needle bearings are moving well, apply some light grease or heavy lubricating oil to the axle. Now insert the axle into the wheel to make sure that it turns in one direction, but not the other. Now remove the axle and get ready to install the outer bearings. Next insert a spacer into the wheel and a cleaned or new 608 bearing into one side of the wheel. As per our video, use a vise to press the bearing straight into the wheel. Now slide the axle in from the other side with new, clean grease on the middle. Another spacer is inserted and the last 608 bearing is pressed into the other side of the wheel. Check again to be sure the axle spins freely and that the needle bearing is working keeping it from turning backwards.

Until rollerski wheels are made with a gasket or seal behind the bearings that keeps water from getting inside, this will be necessary regular maintenance if you roll in wet weather.

Google incorporate existing applications into Tablet PC operating system-pcba ssembly China

August 3, according to foreign media reports, Google on Monday in a blog post that Google Android developers will organize a series of laboratory, designed to help developers to incorporate their existing applications into the smart phone can be based on Android "honeycomb" Tablet PC operating system running on the application.

The first laboratory on August 2 in Bangalore, India. The rest will be in the United States, first on August 15 and 16 in Seattle began two PCB Assembly laboratories. Then, on August 23 and 24 in New York to start a laboratory. Finally, a laboratory on September 2 in Los Angeles.

The purpose of these labs are optimized for the Tablet PC Android applications. Google will detail if the redesigned user interface to take advantage of the smart phone's large screen tablet computer. The goal is to allow developers to put their applications into the lab, so this application after optimized for Android tablet.

Any developer can register to participate in this lab. However, Google said it can only accommodate a small number of persons registered participants. Therefore, Google will choose high-quality application developers to participate in this laboratory

See and share wood beads bracelet design

First, let’s share my wood beads bracelet. Do you like it? Want to design it?

wood beads bracelet wholesale beading, making jewelry with beads, is one of the greatest crafts! Bead jewelry making is so much fun. I promise, if you join us beading you will create exquisite beaded jewelry pieces. You’ll wear it with pride and a new confidence. Others will admire it and may want to buy it! So, join in our DIY jewelry blog, we’ll have great fun making jewelry with the pretty jewelry making supplies!

We also want your beading designs. If you are a beads jewelry designer and if you would like to share your designs with us, we will show your jewelry creations at my Facebook community and my DIY jewelry blog.

I would like you can share your creative and unique bead jewelry designs. http://www.angojewelry.com/ will be a better jewelry making resource because of you! For everyone else, I do hope you find lots of inspiration in my handcrafted jewelry designs. Tibetan silver beads and cabochons, especially resin cabochons flower are the hottest element in beads jewelry making. If you put your own spin on a design,

Double Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing

Double row deep groove ball bearings feature higher load ratings than single row bearings, but are very sensitive to misalignments. This series have the latest design (suffixed ‘B’) without filling slots.Fitted with polyamide cages (suffixed ‘TN’) as standard, pressed steel cages are also available. However, somedouble row deep groove ball bearings may have filling slots that limit the ability to support thrust loads.

Features :

1) Deep groove ball Need roller bearing mainly take radial load as well as take moderate axial load

2) With less coefficient of friction, high limiting speed, large size range and various structure

3) They are suitable of precision instruments, low noise motors, automobiles, motorcycles, and other common machinery

4) A widely used type of bearings in machinery industry

Applications :

electric motors, automotive applications, home appliances, industrial equipment.

老人如何預防心腦血管疾病？

心腦血管疾病是人類健康的頭號殺手，目前，我國心血管疾病患者已經超過2億，嚴重危害著人體健康。因此，提前預防是相當必要的，而預防的方法有很多，但沒有預防方法比日常飲食的簡單實用。其實只要大家能從生活細節入手，就能給自己帶來健康。

　　每餐只吃八分飽

有研究人員發現：約有20%的老年癡呆患者，在青壯年時期都是“美食家”。我們會有這種感覺，每當吃飯過飽，就會昏昏欲睡。專業的解釋是因為血液集中於腸胃系統所致。據最新研究發現，進餐過飽引起大腦遲鈍，是因為有一種名叫“纖維芽細胞生長因子”的物質在作怪。老人養護，因為它在大腦中的含量，飯後比飯前猛增數万倍。這個因子物質亦被認為是動脈硬化的元兇，而動脈硬化與老年癡呆、心肌梗塞、腦中風等密切相關。

長期吃得太飽，的確會導致大腦過早地衰老。國外研究人員曾用動物做過試驗，他們對三組小鼠分別採取不同的餵養方式，結果發現，“飽食終日”一組的老鼠，比“半飢半飽”一組以及只用飲料充飢一組的老鼠死亡得更早。

我們要想擁有健康的身體，就要養成良好的飲食習慣，只吃八分飽就行了。特別是人過中年以後，餓了就吃一點，每次都不要吃得太多太飽，讓胃腸始終保持在半飢半飽的狀態之中。這樣不僅有利於大腦清醒，而且還健康長壽。

　　喝茶可防心血管疾病

喝茶是中國人自古就有的習慣，也已經成為了一種文化，而且喝茶的確有不少的好處。有一份英國的最新研究又指出，每日適當喝茶可以有效預防中風和一些心髒病。之所以說喝茶可以減少患心髒病的風險，主要是因為，喝茶可以有效防止血栓的形成，這在很大程度上降低了心髒病的發病率。

另外，喝茶對人身體的益處主要決定於茶葉中所含的抗氧化劑例如類黃酮等物質，這些物質對於預防心腦血管疾病有非常大的作用。 1杯茶大概含有150~200毫克的類黃酮。紅茶和綠茶中的類黃酮含量差不多高。在抗氧化作用方面，每天喝兩杯茶就相當於吃5份蔬菜或兩隻蘋果的營養價值。

專家發現，茶葉類黃​​酮可以改善血管的收縮功能，進而改善心臟的功能。研究發現，有喝茶習慣的人，發生動脈血栓的情況較不喝的人明顯要少很多。另外，茶葉中的類黃酮對於動脈硬化的控制改善也有奇效。

居家養護

我國多數老年癡呆病患者在家裡接受照顧,即居家護理,這樣既可使患者與家屬親友保持親密接觸,也使患者家庭負擔大為減輕。

老年癡呆症患者居家養護應注意以下幾點:

1管理好危險物品,防止意外事故的發生

如電源、煤氣、火種、刀具、有毒有害物品都應妥善保管和處理。陽台門及窗戶應當加鎖,防止患者墜樓;應注意保持地面平整,瓷磚地註意防滑;盡量維持原有的生活習慣和環境。日常生活用品擺放應定點定位,患者的房間及使用物品、儲櫃等,用明顯的標誌標明,便於識別和記憶,避免搬遷或改變家具位置,總之環境越簡單越易識別,患者感覺越​​方便;老人看護，生活基本能夠自理的,盡可能讓患者自己去做,樹立患者的信心,可以多與患者聊自己一生中比較得意的事情,提高患者的興趣,但時間不宜過長,交談語速不宜太快,要給患者有較多的反應時間。

2適當運動,規律安排起居,保證充足睡眠

生活要有規律,作息時間的安排與睡眠節律相一致,早睡早起,保持充足的睡眠時間,避免過度疲勞,盡可能保證8小時以上睡眠;每天徒步行走30分鐘以上,太陽出來後再外出運動,在樹木多、綠化好的地方活動可增加吸入較多的負離子,提高攝氧量有助於刺激腦細胞,防止腦細胞退化,對老年癡呆的防治有理想的效果;經常曬曬太陽,有助於維生素D的吸收,維生素有助於保護大腦的敏銳性。

3合理安排飲食,豐富多樣的飲食結構

正常進食者可定時三餐,早晨和下午可各加一小餐,如不能正常進食者須少食多餐如一日五餐等;飲食清淡、易於消化,戒菸禁酒;每天堅持至少飲用4杯水,並可輔以抗氧化劑豐富的綠茶;適當多進食富含優質蛋白質、多種維生素和微量元素的食物,注意飲食低鹽低脂,少吃動物脂肪、動物內臟等食品;減少醣類的攝入量可以防止老年癡呆病情加重。

除保障一定的動物蛋白如瘦肉、魚肉外,多攝入一些植物蛋白。大豆富含卵磷脂,能延緩腦神經變性,增加乙酰膽鹼含量,增加大腦細胞的活性,增強記憶。其他如魚腦、蛋黃、芝麻、山藥、蘑菇、花生等都是富含卵磷脂的天然食物,可延緩老年癡呆的腦衰退。適量進食降壓、降脂作用的食物,如海帶、黑木耳、香菇、芹菜、黃瓜等,有利於保持血管健康;常吃些有健腦益智作用的食品,如核桃、黑芝麻、花生、蜂蜜、蜂王漿等。

維生素對於維持大腦正常功能具有重要的作用,尤其是B族維生素和葉酸,富含維生素B的食物有香菇、大豆、牛奶以及各種發酵的豆製品,富含葉酸的食物有牡蠣、金槍魚、菜花、菌類等。多吃牛奶、麥芽等食物有助於補充核糖核酸,要少吃或盡可能不吃含鋁和鉛的食品如油條、皮蛋、粉絲等。

　　4積極防治各種慢性疾病

研究證明,高血壓、動脈粥樣硬化、冠心病、血脂異常、糖尿病、中風、肺氣腫、慢性支氣管炎等疾病都會影響大腦的供血、供氧及營養代謝,與老年癡呆的發生有密切關係。慢性病患者要定期檢查,及時治療,控制病情的發展。